"Secrets of the Dead: World War Speed" premieres June 25 at 8 p.m. "At the end of the war, there was very little help offered for people who became addicted."
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"The full extent of addiction and how harmful they can be was not properly understood," Holland said. What you don't see is what to do with people once they become hooked - that's something that had to be learned the hard way in the years that followed," Holland told Live Science. "By the end of the second World War, you saw increasing knowledge of the side effects of these drugs. However, in the 1940s, experts roundly dismissed this notion in scientific literature, researchers reported in 2013 in the Journal of Psychopharmacology.
By comparison, the recommended dosage for pilots in the Royal Air Force at the time was only 10 milligrams.Īmphetamines are currently recognized as high risk for addiction and abuse. Also featured in the PBS documentary is a 1942 memo from a British commanding officer, stating that British 24th Armored Tank Brigade soldiers received 20 milligrams of Benzedrine per day, prior to a battle in Egypt. When American soldiers landed in North Africa in 1942, they were also operating under the influence of speed half a million Benzedrine tablets were supplied on the orders of Gen. Rather, the Allies adopted the drug for its mood-altering capabilities it increased aggression and confidence, and provided a boost to morale, Rasmussen said. Your body has no chance to recover from the fatigue it's suffering, so there comes a point where you come off the drug and you just collapse, you can't function," he said.īritish and American armies embraced amphetamine use even though at the time, the drug had not been adequately proven to boost performance in fatigued subjects, Rasmussen wrote in the 2011 study. "It stops you from sleeping, but it doesn't stop you from feeling fatigued. (Image credit: Thirteen Productions LLC)īut just because Benzedrine wasn't as dangerous as Pervitin, the drug still carried risks, Holland added. They settled on the amphetamine Benzedrine in the form of tablets and inhalants Britain's Royal Air Force officially sanctioned its use in 1941, to be supplied at the discretion of the medical officer attached to the squadron or air base, Holland said.īenzedrine was inhaled or taken as tablets by Allied soldiers. "You can't function"Īfter British intelligence agents discovered Pervitin tablets in a downed German plane, officials hatched a plan to fuel Allied soldiers with a similar chemical advantage. In Britain, rumors swirled about dive-bombing Nazi pilots with a superhuman resistance to g-forces through drugs, and newspapers described sightings of German paratroopers who were "heavily drugged, fearless and berserk," according to Rasmussen. Records from the British War Office estimated that over the three months of the Blitz - from April to June 1940 - about 35 million Pervitin tablets were sent to 3 million German soldiers, seamen and pilots, Nicolas Rasmussen, a professor in the School of Humanities and Languages at the University of New South Wales in Australia, reported in 2011 in The Journal of Interdisciplinary History.įollowing this infusion of drugs, Wehrmacht soldiers (as the troops in Nazi Germany were called) marched and fought for 10 consecutive days, trapping and defeating the British army at Dunkirk in a decisive military victory, PBS representatives said in the statement.
That was the year of the Blitz - the Nazis' relentless and devastating bombing attack against Britain - an initiative fueled by massive quantities of speed, Holland said. (Image credit: Thirteen Productions LLC)īy 1940, Pervitin was widely distributed among pilots in the Luftwaffe (the Nazi air force) to prime them for the rigors of long missions, or to ward off sleeplessness and hunger if their planes were shot down, Holland told Live Science Pervitin, a form of crystal meth, was distributed to German soldiers by military medical officials during World War II.
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